There's no shame in loving to be naked :)

i am going to take naked pictures of a girl i am stalking, what should i do with them when i get them?

My son was 21 months old when he began showing signs he was ready to potty train. He would keep a dry diaper for 2 or more hours, he would hide to make a BM at the same time every day, and would occasionally go on the toilet when we sat him down.I was hesitant to start potty training because we have a newborn in the house but, after talking to my husband, we decided it was best to start. At this point I started doing my research. I already have some experience with this area because I worked in a daycare for so many years. There, we simply sat the child down every two hours and hoped they were dry so that they could go. To me, this method seemed hit or miss. I didn’t want to do something that required so much timing since I had a newborn to look after. What I really wanted was a method that would teach my son what it felt like to have to go to the bathroom so that I would not have to ask him all day long.This was when I discovered “naked potty training” (I will call this NPT). With this method, your child is completely naked from the waist down and it should only take 2-3 days. It seemed too good to be true at first. Three days and my son would be potty trained? It couldn’t hurt to try, but I was going to make a few adjustments. I should also add that this method works best for children between 20 and 24 months because at this age they love to be naked. This becomes an incentive for them go on the toilet. They don’t want to wear that diaper.On the first day of NPT your child spends the whole day naked and this is exactly what I did. You should expect to have a few accidents to clean up so try to pick a room where clean-up is easy. If you feel the kitchen is too uncomfortable to spend the whole day then just have cleaning supplies on hand. I chose our living room. Near the front door we have a small tiled area so I placed his potty there and kept carpet cleaner, 409, paper towels, and baby wipes on the steps. The day went extremely well. He did not pee on the floor at all but he did poop once. Lucky for me he ran to hide over by the front door so clean-up was easy. While cleaning up I made sure to say, “this is not OK” and “our poop goes in the toilet.” NPT suggests that your child should help clean the mess but I just cannot see letting my son touch urine or poop. Instead, I took his BM and we walked to the toilet together and he flushed it.The second day of NPT is the same as the first but, you spend one hour outside. This teaches your child that potty training is not limited to inside the house. Now obviously you cannot let your child run around naked. NPT suggest putting them in pants only. I’m guessing pull-ups and underwear feel to much like diapers and you want to remind them that they are naked under their pants. This is exactly what I did and we did not have one accident. My son even pooped on the potty that day. I was so excited and amazed that this was working so quickly.On the third day of NPT your child is still naked inside, spends one hour outside and then one hour in the car or at the store. This made me nervous so I adjusted. I wanted to get my son used to wearing underwear (with NPT they do not wear underwear for 3 months). So I went out and bought him underwear and he wore them all day long. When I put them on, and throughout the day, I reminded him that he was not wearing a diaper and he needs to use the toilet. When we went out to the store we put a pull-up on over his underwear. This way, if he had an accident, he would feel wet and uncomfortable but we would not have the mess. He did very well again. This time he asked to go to the bathroom when he had to pee. He did, however make a BM in his underwear. I guess it felt to much like a diaper for him to want to go on the toilet. I also found that he couldn’t figure out how to push and now that he was more aware of his bodily functions, it scared him a little bit.At this point, NPT suggests spending more time away from the house and keeping your child naked when they are home for the next 3 months. My son spends the day in underwear. The only time he is naked is when I notice him holding his butt. I do this to encourage him to have his BM’s on the toilet. So far so good. He is pretty much potty trained. He never pees in his pants and will occasionally poop, but I expected that. If your child goes to a day care provider, you will need to speak to them about how to continue potty training. Some providers may not be comfortable with them only in pants and may request a Pull-up. If this is the case, see if they will let you put a Pull-up over his/her underwear. Pull-ups on their own are OK as well. When my son visits his grandparents, we send him in a Pull-up (we tell him they are underwear) so that they don’t have to deal with accidents and my son still stays dry.NPT gives a few tips to help with the training process…

I am definitely a fan of NPT. I made a few adjustments so that it would work for me but I stuck with the same concept and in 3 days my son was potty trained. It really works!  I hope my experience will help you have a succesful potty training experience.

because if a man sees a naked girl their penis will erect, but what will happen the opposite way?

Jealousy is such a feeble word to describe how men feel when they believe another guy has designs on their girlfriend. I’m jealous of my friend’s new Ducati motorbike. I’m jealous that soccer player Steven Gerrard gets paid $2 million a month to play for Liverpool. But when my girlfriend Anna says she’s going out for drinks with the ‘boys from work’ I want to rip the head off anyone who gets within a meter of her.

This isn’t jealousy. This is paranoia, fear and rage all cooked up together. It’s no wonder the word ‘jealousy’ stems from the Greek ‘to boil’ or ‘ferment’. It starts off as a simmering concern for your girlfriend’s wellbeing before boiling over into punch-the-wall helplessness – and all this over her quick drink at News Café.

Before long I’m at home, imagining Anna being shagged by the entire local rugby team while they sing drinking songs to keep their spirits up. ‘Thank goodness for the men’s first team,’ Anna says, in my imagination. ‘You’re all so much bigger than Jeff’.

Jealous Guy

As you can see, jealousy is a mental illness. I should be committed. Anna is the most faithful girlfriend a man could want and my behavior is unreasonable. ‘I’m the one that should be jealous,’ moaned Anna, after I gate crashed the bar and was an asshole to every male who dared to be in there. ‘You work with loads of women. Most of your friends are girls.’ She has a point. At my recent birthday drinks, I did realize there were far more X than Y chromosomes present.

I often go out for dinner with my friend Laura. Yet if Anna were to spend the evening with just one man, I’d insist it occurred behind a prison style Perspex screen with an intercom. It’s not because I don’t trust her, it’s because I fear she’ll meet someone better than me. Someone cooler. Someone whose not me.

When men get jealous it strikes our brains like some kind of computer virus. We act out of character and it turns a usually well balanced man into a ball of tension and anger – and yes, men know that’s just the kind of behavior that makes girls to disappear anyway.

Yes, jealousy seems to affect girls in a similar kind of way. Despite never having shown any signs of the green eyed monster before, Anna finally cracked this month. We were enjoying a typically raucous Friday night out – she and I had drunk a bottle of champagne before setting out, won a pub quiz, laughed our asses off and returned to her flat to do what Anna had promised earlier in a naughty whisper at the bar.

But when I popped into the bathroom to do that secret speed wash thing that girls think only they do before sex, it all went horribly wrong. When I returned, a winter freeze had swept through the flat and Anna was on the bed with The Face on. I could almost see my own breath as I asked, ‘Everything okay?’

‘Whose Ruth?’ she demanded, eyes filling with tears. Anna had been looking through my phone while I was naked. You see earlier that week I received a text from a blast from my past that read; ‘We never did get around to that second date. How about it?’ We never got around to the second date because I didn’t call. What’s more, I didn’t call eight months ago – before I even knew Anna. I was innocent.

Anna, through a heady mix of alcohol and paranoia, couldn’t resist my mobile – a Pandora’s box of supposed secrets – winking at her in the dark. So I slept with my back to Anna for a sexless night of feigned anger. Because deep down, I was pleased that Anna was jealous.

Jealousy is a good emotion. You won’t find it among the deadly sins of envy, sloth, gluttony, wrath, pride, lust, greed – and snooping through someone’s phone.

Get a taste of what designers and manufacturers have in store for their 2009 swimwear and resort collections with these news bites. From mass market to high-end design, whether inspired by nature, nostalgia, high performance, or the tropics, styles encompass the trendy, sporty, sexy, sophisticated, daring, and figure-flattering. You’ll also find updates from fabric and fiber suppliers.

California”>http://www.himfr.com/buy-California_Style/”>California StyleChina’s Guangzhou Huar Garment Co., Ltd. is seeking global cooperation with swimwear brands for its new, U.S. patent–pending seamless swimwear. The inventive and functional design features molded bra cups and enclosed underwire, maximum comfort with no seam or stitch, a variety of laser-cut edge-trimmings, refined workmanship, innovative technology, and BV and OEKO-Tex tested durability with anticorrosion from chlorine and sea water.

Inventor/designer Carol Wior is dedicated to creating figure-flattering, glamorous styles for her customers. The revolutionary, patented Carol Wior Slimsuit™ is a highly engineered, one-piece swimsuit that takes an inch or more off the stomach instantly. Available in sizes 4 to 26W as well as mastectomy, the Slimsuit™ is sold with a tape measure to show customers the measurable difference. Her products are proudly made in the USA. Call (562) 927-0052 for more information.

Founded in 1949, the Philips-Boyne Corporation is a stocking distributor of high quality woven shirting fabric. The majority of the line consists of long staple Egyptian cotton that is woven and finished in Japan. More than 3.5 million yards of stock also includes blends, linens, and silks. Styles range from classic stripes, checks, and solids to novelties, oxfords, polka-dots, and more. Located in the New York metropolitan area with sales agents throughout the country, Philips-Boyne serves everyone from at-home sewers and custom shirt-makers to couture designers and branded corporations. Peruse the extensive inventory listing .

Malibu Dream Girl and Gossip Girl welcome Paul Luksa as National Sales Manager for their house brands. Luksa, a seasoned veteran in the swimwear industry, brings more than 25 years of experience and expertise to the company. Similarly, Malibu Dream Girl celebrates more than 25 years of designing and creating swimsuits for children, juniors, and women. Its 2009 collections will be shown at Surf Expo (Sept. 12–14). For more information, contact (800) 359-SWIM or visit the newly launched website.

Brazil, home to some of the most beautiful models and glamorous beaches in the world, is also home to the hottest bikinis in the world. Warm breezes, tropical climates, and a culture that revolves around holidays at the sea are a recipe for exceptionally creative and sexy beach fashion. Cia. Maritima has been a favorite of Brazilian women for more than 15 years. Sold only in exclusive boutiques in the country, the sophisticated yet edgy swimwear collection also features accessories to complete its signature look such as cover-up dresses, tunics, and beach totes.

Skye™ swimwear brings style, elegance, and comfort to the world of contemporary swimwear. Designed for the sophisticated woman with a youthful spirit, Skye™ swimsuits incorporate three key elements: style, comfort, and functionality. The soft and silky feel of Skye’s™ SoSoft™ fabric is smooth to the touch and feels blissful against the skin. Stylish prints and lavish embellishments merge to create elegant swimsuits with an excellent fit that make women feel confident and beautiful.

With more than 20 years of experience in swimwear, Colombian designer Vicky Moreinis is passionate about creating swimwear that is flattering, unique, timeless, and fun for body conscious women of all ages. Unique to her designs are the extensive use of Colombian, handcrafted artisan details, such as ornaments in coconut and seeds, crochet, batik, and hand painting. The 2008 Vicky Moreinis Swimwear collection is inspired by the “London Look” of Twiggy and the British Invasion combined with soft silhouettes and pleats, vibrant colors, and present day romance. All swimwear is manufactured and controlled by The Moreinis Hermanos factory in Colombia.

INVISTA, for the fourth year in a row, staged the only group runway show during Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Swim in Miami in July 2008. Hosted by Carson Kressley, style expert and host of Lifetime Network’s “How to Look Good Naked,” the catwalk showcased 2009 swimwear collections with INVISTA’s Xtra Life LYCRA™ fiber from Banana Moon, Brette Sandler, Christina, Gottex, Karla Colletto, Maryan Mehlhorn, Miracle Suit, Profile by Gottex, Red Carter, Reebok, SHAN, and Speedo. The fiber brand features innovative technology that provides long-lasting fit that resists bagging and sagging as well as 5–10 times more chlorine resistance than ordinary spandex.

Kariza Designs combines elegance, creativity, and sophistication in a unique concept for the specialty retail industry. Kariza wrap skirts can be worn in countless ways, converting into beautiful dresses, tops, shawls, and cover-ups to achieve a number of looks from simple to sexy to sophisticated. With creativity, these timeless pieces can be worn for any occasion. New collections for the upcoming seasons can be viewed at .

Founded in 1990, InGear is a leading supplier of swim, resort, and casual-lifestyle fashions in the United States and abroad. InGear’s product and lifestyle accessories may be found at surf, beach, swim, hotel/resort, and gift shops, as well as in specialty stores, boutiques, spas, sporting good stores, and department stores throughout the country. InGear also designs, manufactures, and sells Your Best Look Swimwear, conservatively sexy swimsuits that come with a free matching cover-up. Most recently, InGear inked a licensing deal with Playboy and launched the much-anticipated Playboy Swim collection at the July 2008 SwimShow in Miami Beach.

Established in 1983 on the principles of fashion forward styling and quality assurance, MAR RIO believes in the natural beauty and uniqueness of every woman. The 2009 collection takes its inspiration directly from nature, featuring strong, lively colors mixed with flowers and harmonized with the soft colors of rivers on the horizon. The line includes more than 130 fashionable products, many of which are available in both Brazilian and American cuts and in light Lycra.

The extended success of the washed, soft finish Matte Foil from specialty fabric and yarn manufacturer La Lame prompted a new version in an unwashed hand for a shinier finish. Both foils are stocked in New York and are popular with swimwear and sportswear manufacturers. Another fashion forward fabric in demand is a Satin Stretch in 12 colors also stocked in New York. A new collection of Silk Blends in solids and prints produced in the Far East offer a less expensive price point than usual silk groups and are being heavily sampled by swim, sportswear, dress, and loungewear makers. Please call (212) 921-9770 to review these and other developments.

From feminine and romantic to nautical or retro to old Hollywood glamour or old school vintage—the essence of Skinny Dip Swimwear is to combine classic bikini looks of the ’40s, ’50s, and ’60s with contemporary ingenuity, foresight, and a keen sense of risk to create the newest retro/contemporary swimwear. The daywear collection features cute, flirty, playful styles, while the eveningwear collection offers sexy and sophisticated fashion. Established in 2006, Skinny Dip Swimwear is sold in specialty boutique and by online retailers throughout the United States, Canada, and Europe.

True Religion Apparel, Inc. has paired up with InGear Swimwear, a global leader in swim, resort, and casual lifestyle fashions, to release a diverse line of sexy, rock ’n’ roll–inspired swimsuits for women, men, and kids that incorporates denim, leather, and crochet fabrics. The True Religion Swim collection includes suits that range from vintage-inspired prints on Brazilian silhouettes to beading and embellishments on basic bikinis as well as coordinating cover-ups. Retail prices range from $60 to $100 for separates and $100 to $180 for sets available nationwide at major department stores and specialty shops.

Phantom L.A. Brands presents three distinct lines of swimwear. The daring and playful California Waves features bright colors, flirty detailing, and cute styles in mix and match pieces for a custom look and fit. The Endless Sun collection is designed for the more modest customer who also wants cutting-edge style and beautiful detailing and colors. Martini Sol offers a more sophisticated look with its structured cuts, detailing, and textures. Contact (800) 783-1451 for information.

Remember the famous TV ad when the young man goes into the launderette, strips off his shirt, jeans and shorts, and sits on the bench hidden behind a newspaper while his kit is washed then dried – gets dressed and leaves.

Clearly you need a lot of nerve to do that but it is totally acceptable to do just that in the privacy of your home especially if you have a clothes airer, because you simply have no need to go outside to hang the clothes. You can wear whatever you like.

Especially useful in winter months, or in bad weather, where outside drying space is restricted or you simply want the convenience of a handy drying rack to hang your laundry on.

So many apartment dwellers, especially those living in cities, fight for privacy and do not want to hang their clothes outside on a balcony for all to see. Often this public display is banned forcing the occupants to travel down town to the launderette.

The clothes airer or multiway washing line are modern essentials for any home. Busy mums bringing up a family will love the dependable, always available, facility the drying rack gives them.Wall mounted airers are also available in a concertina design which expands to hang the clothes and may then be used half closed to create more space in a cramped corridor, utility room, kitchen or bathroom. A laundry weight of 20kg can be hung on fully expanded drying racks and even more on multiway washing lines which take almost 70 feet of washing in some cases.

Today we all search for ways to make life easier and more secure with as much flexibility as possible to meet so many demands. In this ever changing world the laundry airer system meets our needs and provides a willing servant always ready to pop out for work whenever needed and if we decide to do housework in the nude it will never spare us a glance or even blush.

How do collagen and elastin work on the skin? It is better that you know the answer of this question before you purchase any anti aging product. The correct and scientific answers to this question can save you from a lot of rude shocks!

Collagen and elastin are vital skin proteins that are manufactured by our body. Collagen provides rigidity and structure to the skin and keeps wrinkles away, while elastin is responsible for making our skin flexible and elastic. Their production slows down with age, and this causes wrinkles, fine lines and saggy skin.

Collagen makes up around 25-35% of the total body protein. It is produced by the body till the age of mid-twenties, whereas elastin is produced only in our childhood. Stress, UV radiation and unhealthy living habits contribute in a rapid decline of these proteins in our body.

So, how do collagen and elastin work on the skin?

If we look at collagen and elastin present in supplements, creams and lotions; then the answer is that they do not work at all. Their molecular structure is too large that makes them incapable to penetrate the skin. They are prevented right at the topmost layer of our skin called epidermis!

Similarly, collagen and elastin in supplements also have complex molecular structure, which makes it impossible for them to be assimilated into the body’s own reserves of collagen and elastin. They are also rejected by the body because they are synthetic.

Thus, they do not positively affect the level of collagen and elastin in the body at all. Such products are a complete waste of your hard earned money. You should avoid them at any cost.

The right approach is to look for natural ingredients in skincare products that stimulate the production of collagen and elastin in the body itself. In this way, wrinkles and aging problems can be treated permanently and we can enjoy long lasting and effective results.

The scientific way to increase collagen and elastin levels in the body is to use products that contain

functional keratin. Keratin is a protein that occurs naturally in skin cells and stimulates production of collagen and elastin.

Cynergy TK is a natural ingredient pioneered in New Zealand that is rich in functional keratin. It enhances the production of collagen and elastin naturally in the body itself. It significantly improves moisture retention and elasticity. It can truly be called next to a “miracle ingredient” when it comes to anti-aging and skin rejuvenation.

It contains copper and zinc complexes that help in the re-growth of new skin cells. It helps in thickening the existing skin cells and reducing wrinkles naturally. It makes the skin smooth, supple and gives it a creamy complexion.

Now you know the answer to how do collagen and elastin work in the skin. Visit my website to find out more of such amazing natural ingredients that you should look out for in the best anti-aging products, which can help you achieve a young, beautiful and naturally glowing skin.

He is re-doing his room and wants hot chicky babes in his room. I have searched high and low but cant find any.

Violence Against Women: Issue Of Honor Killing

Definition Honor crimes are acts of violence, usually murder, mostly committed by male family members predominantly against female [relatives] , who are perceived to have brought dishonor upon the family. A woman can be targeted by individuals within her family for a variety of reasons, including: refusing to enter into an arranged marriage, being the victim of a sexual assault, seeking a divorce — even from an abusive husband, or (allegedly) committing adultery .The mere perception that a woman has behaved in a specific way to “dishonor” her family, is sufficient to trigger an attack.[1]

For example, honor killings can sometimes target those who choose boyfriends, lovers or spouses outside of their family’s ethnic and/or religious community. Some women who adopt the customs (or religion) of an outside group, may also be more likely to be victims. Furthermore, in certain cultures a raped single woman will garner no bride price if she marries, and thus be considered “worthless” to the family. There is some evidence that homosexuality can also be grounds for honor killing by relatives. Several cases have been suspected but not confirmed. There is also a documented case of a gay Jordanian man who was shot (but not fatally) by his brother.

Many hold the practice to be self-contradictory, since an honor killing is sometimes justified by its participants or supporters, as an attempt to uphold the morals of a religion or a code, which at the same time generally forbids killing as morally wrong.

Honor Suicides

Honor Suicides occur when, in an effort to avoid legal penalties for killing, a woman is ordered or pressured into killing herself. This phenomenon appears to be a relatively recent development. A special envoy for the United Nations named Yakin Erturk, who was sent to Turkey to investigate suspicious suicides, was quoted by the New York Times as saying that some suicides appeared to be “honor killings disguised as a suicide or an accident.”

History: Honour Killing

Based on proof

In the Valley of Mexico from 150 BCE – 1521 CE, the punishment for female adultery was death by stoning or strangulation, but only after the husband could prove the offence. According to interpretations of Leviticus and Deuteronomy, the Halakha (Jewish law) punishes certain sexual misconduct for both men and women, with capital punishment (also through stoning) as approved by a court.

Honor killings, generally considered premeditated, are typically held to be distinct from Crimes of passion, which occur throughout the world. Crimes of passion often have special status under the law. For instance, until 1975, the French Penal Code commuted the sentence of a husband who killed his wife after finding her in the act of committing adultery; this law passed into the legal frameworks of the many nations who based their modern legal codes on the Napoleonic Code. Thus, Crimes of passion are different from honor killings, in the sense that they are spontaneous acts that aren’t planned. Furthermore, many honor killings (along with some Crimes of passion) are based on sheer suspicion as opposed to (what appears to be) factual proof, in relation to the idea that an individual has committed or been involved in an “undesirable act”, in the mind of the perpetrator(s).

Honor killing in national legal codes

According to the report of the Special Rapporteur submitted to the 58th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (2002) concerning cultural practices in the family that reflect violence against women:

The Special Rapporteur indicated that there had been contradictory decisions with regard to the honor defence in Brazil, and that legislative provisions allowing for partial or complete defence in that context could be found in the penal codes of Argentina, Bangladesh, Ecuador, Egypt, Guatemala, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Peru, Syria, Turkey, Venezuela and the Palestinian National Authority.

Some of these, including those of Turkey, have since been modified.

Countries where the law can be interpreted to allow men to kill female relatives in a premeditated effort as well as for crimes of passions, in flagrante delicto in the act of committing adultery, include:

Jordan: Part of article 340 of the Penal Code states that “he who discovers his wife or one of his female relatives committing adultery and kills, wounds, or injures one of them, is exempted from any penalty.” This has twice been put forward for cancellation by the government, but was retained by the Lower House of the Parliament.

Countries that allow men to kill female relatives in flagrante delicto (but without premeditation) include:

Syria: Article 548 states that “He who catches his wife or one of his ascendants, descendants or sister committing adultery (flagrante delicto) or illegitimate sexual acts with another and he killed or injured one or both of them benefits from an exemption of penalty.”

Countries that allow husbands to kill only their wives in flagrante delicto (based upon the Napoleonic code) include:

Morocco: Article 418 of the Penal Code states “Murder, injury and beating are excusable if they are committed by a husband on his wife as well as the accomplice at the moment in which he surprises them in the act of adultery.”

Haiti: Article 269 of the Penal Code states that “in the case of adultery as provided for in Article 284, the murder by a husband of his wife and/or her partner, immediately upon discovering them in flagrante delicto in the conjugal abode, is to be pardoned.”

Turkey: Recently Turkey changed its laws concerning honor killings. Persons found guilty of this crime are sentenced to life in prison.

In two Latin American countries: Similar laws were struck down over the past two decades: according to human rights lawyer Julie Mertus “in Brazil, until 1991 wife killings were considered to be noncriminal ‘honor killings’; in just one year, nearly eight hundred husbands killed their wives. Similarly, in Colombia, until 1980, a husband legally could kill his wife for committing adultery.”

Countries where honor killing is not legal but is frequently ignored in practice include:

Pakistan: Honor killings are known as Karo Kari (Urdu: ˜ÇÑæ˜ÇÑ? ). The practice is supposed to be prosecuted under ordinary murder, but in practice police and prosecutors often ignore it. Often a man must simply claim the killing was for his honor and he will go free. Nilofer Bakhtiar, advisor to Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz, stated that in 2003, as many as 1, 261 women were murdered in honor killings. On December 08, 2004, under international and domestic pressure, Pakistan enacted a law that made honor killings punishable by a prison term of seven years, or by the death penalty in the most extreme cases. Women’s rights organizations were, however, wary of this law as it stops short of outlawing the practice of allowing killers to buy their freedom by paying compensation to the victim’s relatives. Women’s rights groups claimed that in most cases it is the victim’s immediate relatives who are the killers, so inherently the new law is just eyewash. It did not alter the provisions whereby the accused could negotiate pardon with the victim’s family under the so-called Islamic provisions. In March 2005 the Pakistani government allied with Islamists to reject a bill which sought to strengthen the law against the practice of “honour killing”. The parliament rejected the bill by a majority vote, declaring it to be un-Islamic.

Incident in Pakistan:- Ghazala was set on fire by her brother in Joharabad, Punjab province, on 6 January 1999. According to reports, she was murdered because her family suspected she was having an ‘illicit’ relationship with a neighbour. Her burned and naked body reportedly lay unattended on the street for two hours as nobody wanted to have anything to do with it. Ghazala was burned to death in the name of honor. Hundreds of other women and girls suffer a similar fate every year amid general public support and little or no action by the authorities. In fact, there is every sign that the number of honor killings is on the rise as the perception of what constitutes honor — and what damages it — widens, and as more murders take on the guise of honor killings on the correct assumption that they are rarely punished.

Indian Scenario

“Honor-killings”, which are widespread in some of the economically advanced States, is an example. Perpetrated under the garb of saving the “honor” of the community, caste or family, such incidents occur often as the State governments are not keen to take action. The acts of violence include public lynching of couples, murder of either the man or the woman concerned, murder made to appear as suicide, public beatings, humiliation, blackening of the face, forcing couples or their families to eat excreta or drink urine, forced incarceration, social boycotts and the levying of fines.

The largest number of cases was found to have occurred in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh – most of the incidents reported at the convention took place in these three States. One reason for the increased visibility of such crimes is the trend of more and more girls joining educational institutions, meeting others from different backgrounds and castes and establishing relationships beyond the confines of caste and community. Such individuals, both boys and girls, are being targeted so that none dares to breach the barriers of castes and communities. Significantly, in the majority of cases it is the economically and socially dominant castes that organize, instigate and abet such acts of retribution.

In Muzaffarnagar district in western Uttar Pradesh, at least 13 honor killings occurred within nine months in 2003. In 2002, while 10 such killings were reported, 35 couples were declared missing. It was estimates that Haryana and Punjab alone account for 10 per cent of all honor killings in the country. It is not surprising that no such category of crime exists in government records. In fact, there is refusal even to recognise this phenomenon. Data for such incidents are seldom available and they would mostly be classified under the category of general crimes. Moreover, most of such cases go unreported and, even when reported, often first information reports [2] are not filed and post-mortems are not conducted.

Caste panchayats have come to play an increasingly important role in Haryana and elsewhere, especially in situations where political patronage also exists. Central to the theme of honor and violence is the subordinate position of girls and women in all castes and communities. A woman’s chastity is the “honor” of the community and she has no sovereign right over her body at any point of her life. The retribution is particularly swift and brutal if she crosses caste and class barriers to choose a lower-caste man as her partner.

Case Study

Location: Ludhiana

Date: 12 January 2005

Ø Four of the five accused, including a retired police Sub-Inspector, in the shocking honour killing of a couple case have confessed to hiring professional killers for the job. They stated that the main accused, Amrik Singh, who was in Australia, had hatched the entire conspiracy and knew the killers, the Sadar police claimed.

Ø The police has also initiated proceedings for deporting the main accused, Amrik Singh, father of one of the victims Amandeep Kaur, from Australia while hoping that he would return on his own and join investigations.

Ø The city police has claimed of taking the help of the Australian Embassy for the purpose even as a lot of loopholes exist in the police investigations conducted so far. The police has not been able to furnish any concrete evidence against the accused other than the complaint of the boy’s family that the relatives of Amandeep Kaur had been threatening the couple for the inter-caste marriage.

Ø The four accused are the killed woman’s maternal grandfather B. S. Randhawa (aged over 70), a retired Development Officer with the LIC, and three uncles (fufars) — one of them a former Punjab Police Sub-Inspector Kulwant Singh, serving Head Constable with Amritsar police Tejinder Singh and Sukhdev Singh.

Ø Addressing a press conference SHO Sadar Sandeep Sharma claimed that the four accused had confessed before the police that the couple — wood trader Harpreet Singh and his wife Amandeep Kaur, a BDS student — was ‘punished’ for marrying outside their castes.

Ø They said Amandeep Kaur had lowered their image in the community by marrying outside the caste. They stated to the police that it took them nearly a year to carry out murders as they had been waiting for an opportune time.

Ø The revelation that two cops, one retired and one serving, were involved in the case has again put the Punjab Police in bad light. Four years ago, the infamous Jassi murder case hatched on similar caste lines also had a serving cop in the list of the accused.

Ø The case now hinges on the return of Amrik Singh from Australia with the arrested persons putting all blame on him and the city police convinced with the statements of the accused as well as the complainants without securing any evidence.

Ø SHO Sandeep Sharma said Kulwant Singh and Sukhdev Singh were arrested from Amritsar while Tejinder Singh and B. S. Randhawa were arrested from the local railway station here when they were trying to flee the city.

Ø The SHO said that the accused had threatened the couple and the boy’s relatives during their ring ceremony in Amritsar and later again at their marriage ceremony in Mariot Hotel in Ludhiana. The couple had got married in a city court about 11 months ago.

Ø After that Amandeep Kaur’s relatives had invited them to their homes and claimed they had accepted the couple. They had then organized formal ring and marriage ceremonies.

Ø Interestingly, the relatives of the accused had been claiming that the police had raided their houses and picked them up and kept them in illegal custody.

Ø The prime accused, Amrik Singh, had pleaded innocence in the case and counter alleged that some relatives of Harpreet Singh were involved in the murder. When asked if the police would register a case against them too as Amrik Singh has also made a statement like the complainants, the SHO said the police would investigate the charges.

Ø Meanwhile, the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, Mr G.C. Garg, remanded four accused of infamous couple murder case in one-day police remand.

Ø Amandeep Kaur and her husband. Hardeep Singh, was murdered mercilessly, allegedly by the family members of woman by hatching a conspiracy.

Ø The prosecution sought the police remand for further investigation. The judge remanded the accused.

Conclusion From the above case it is very clear that not only Islamic society but, different societies in India are increasingly facing the problem of honor killing, to which the state authorities like panchayats and police are a party. Thus in such an ailing situation it is very important that such incidents are taken care of properly by the state and also the society. Such crimes can only be eradicated by:

1. Putting very serious penal sanctions.

2. Active police and panchayat body; as these crimes are mainly confined to rural or village areas.

3. Imparting education to the village people at large.

4. Judiciary must be positive on such cases.

Research from around the world point to the fact that violence against women can only be combated if there is a healthy partnership between women’s groups and the state apparatus. While women’s groups must protect their independence, on certain issues they have to work effectively with the criminal justice system, joining forces to protect the rights of women victims. Moreover, law is an important tool but it is one of the many strategies available to us. While fighting for justice through the legal system, we should also try and put in place education policies, health strategies and community level programmes that promote equality between men and women and teach non violent methods of resolving conflict. A multipronged approach to violence against women will result in far reaching changes, transforming attitudes and practices so that men and women can live in equality and dignity.

BibliographyBooks and Articles:

“Jordan Parliament Supports Impunity for Honor Killing,” Washington, DC: Human Rights Watch Press Release, January 2000

Burned Alive: A Victim of the Law of Men Alleged first-person account of a victim of an attempted honor killing (ISBN 0-446-53346-7) The work is based on a repressed memory report and its authenticity has been questioned.

The Varied Contours of Violence Against Women in South Asia; Coomaraswamy, Radhika.

Everyone knows what exhibitionism is: it is the act of exposing oneself to someone who doesn’t want to be exposed to.  Simple, right?   Well, yes…and, no.

The law defines exhibitionism as a willful (that is, not accidental) act carried out with the intention of insulting and offending the victim, usually a female. Furthermore the act must be a public one. Displaying oneself in one’s own home does not qualify.

Fairly straightforward so far, but now it gets complicated.

What happens when, for example, a person exposes himself in his own home, but in such a way that the neighbours or passers-by can see? Does that make it a public act?

And what does the word public mean?

Legally, public is taken to mean more than one person. If, then, only one neighbour, or only one passer-by, views the offending organ through an open window, is that person the public? And can a male go around exposing himself as often as he likes, as long as he does it to no more than one person at a time?

Questions multiply and lead to a multitude of possibilities which in turn lead to a multitude of interpretations, so much so that, as we shall see, rulings on the matter are less than consistent. In other words, the word public is interpreted widely, allowing full play for judicial discretion and judicial bias.

Consider for example Rex v Black (State Reports, NSW, V.21, p.748): In 1921, a man living with his wife and four children had a disagreement with his wife.  He then went into the bedroom and undressed, and came back naked into the living room where he exposed himself to his wife, a daughter aged twenty, and a son aged thirteen.  He was convicted and sentenced to six months hard labour.  A hefty sentence indeed.

On appeal, his counsel argued that the conviction could not be sustained because exposure can only be an offence if it occurs in a public place or a place open to public view.  The learned judge, Justice Pring, after due and weighty pondering over this “repulsive and abominable” act, upheld the conviction.

Let’s now jump to R v Udod, 1951 – not such a large span of time in matters of law.  Besides, the sex revolution was still more than a decade away, so morality and values had not yet changed to any substantial degree.  Irrespective of that, precedents are still precedents; they are binding and must be adhered to. 

R v Udod (State Reports, S.A. 1951, p.176) cites the case of a boarder, Gregor Udod, who occupied a room adjoining the kitchen in a dwelling house at Parkside.  On the afternoon of 1st September, 1951, while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, he came from his room to the kitchen dressed only in a singlet and underpants.  The front of his underpants was open, and the accused’s naked person was exposed to the view of his landlady, her husband, her mother, and her daughter (aged five years) who were in the kitchen.

This, by any measure, is a worse offence than the earlier one, because it occurred in front of strangers, including a girl aged five.  But the learned judge, Chief Justice Napier, ruled that the gist of the offence was “publicly exposing the person” and the house in this case being a private one, that element of “public-ness” was not fulfilled.  He promptly discharged the accused.

Here we have two similar cases – the offence is the same and the setting, a private house, is also the same – yet the verdicts could not be more dissimilar. 

Please note, we are not offering, in this article, a “correct” interpretation of the word public.  We are merely pointing out that the laws relating to exhibitionism are ill-defined and the word public is so broad as to be virtually meaningless. 

And we have not even touched on the other element of the crime: that exhibitionism is a willful act carried out with the intention of insulting and offending the victim.  Another can of worms! which we will look at in a future article.

To conclude: laws relating to exhibitionism are vague and ill-defined.  Times have changed and exhibitionism laws need a thorough overhaul, if they are to remain relevant in this day and age.